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论语经典——中英对照

 

 


一、“仁”系列:

仁者爱人。
原文:樊迟问仁。子曰:“爱人。”  ——《论语•颜渊》
英译:Fan Chi asked about benevolence. The Master said, “It is to love all men.”   ——(英)理雅各(James Legge,1815-1897)

今译:樊迟问什么是仁。孔子说:“爱人。”


己欲立而立人,己欲达而达人。——《论语• 雍也》
英译:The man of perfect virtue, wishing to be established  himself, seeks also to establish others; wishing to be enlarged himself, he seeks also to enlarge others.   ——(英)理雅各(James Legge,1815-1897)
今译:自己要站得住,同时也使别人站得住;自己要事事行得通,同时也使别人事事行得通。  ——杨伯峻(1909-1992)


己所不欲,勿施于人。——《论语•卫灵公》
英译:What you do not want done to yourself, do not do to others. ——(英)理雅各(James Legge,1815-1897)
今译:自己所不想要的任何事物,就不要加给别人。——杨伯峻(1909-1992)


不仁者不可以久处约,不可以长处乐。仁者安仁,智者利仁。——《论语•里仁》
英译:Those who are without virtue cannot abide long either in a condition of poverty and hardship,or in a condition of enjoyment.The virtuous rest in virtue;the wise desire virtue.           ——(英)理雅各(James Legge,1815-1897)
今译:不仁的人不可以长久地居于穷困中,也不可以长久地居于安乐中(杨伯峻,1909-1992)。惟仁者则安其仁而无适不然,智者则利于仁而不易所守,皆非外物所能夺矣。(朱熹,1130-1200)


博学而笃志,切问而近思,仁在其中矣。——《论语•子张》
英译:There are learning extensively, and having a firm and sincere aim; inquiring with earnestness, and reflecting with self-application:-- virtue is in such a course.  ——(英)理雅各(James Legge,1815-1897)
今译:广泛地学习,坚守自己志趣;恳切地发问,多考虑当前的问题,仁德就在这中间了。  ——杨伯峻(1909-1992)


老者安之,朋友信之,少者怀之。——《论语•公冶长》
英译:In regard to the aged, to give them rest; in regard to friends, to show them sincerity; in regard to the young, to treat them tenderly.  ——(英)理雅各(James Legge,1815-1897)
今译:老者养之以安,朋友与之以信,少者怀之以恩。——朱熹(1130-1200)

 

二、“义”系列:


原文:富与贵,是人之所欲也;不以其道得之,不处也。贫与贱,是人之所恶也;不以其道得之,不去也。
——《论语•里仁》
英译:Riches and honors are what men desire. If they cannot be obtained in the proper way, they should not be held. Poverty and meanness are what men dislike. If they cannot be avoided in the proper way, they should not be avoided.——(英)理雅各(James Legge,1815-1897)
今译:富与贵,这是人人所盼望的;不用正当的方法去得到它,君子不接受。贫与贱,这是人人所厌恶的;不用正当的方法去抛掉它,君子不摆脱。——杨伯峻(1909-1992)


原文:士见危致命,见得思义。
——《论语•子张》
英译:The scholar, trained for public duty, seeing threatening danger, is prepared to sacrifice his life, when the opportunity of gain is presented to him, he thinks of righteousness. ——(英)理雅各(James Legge,1815-1897)
今译:读书人看见危险便肯豁出生命,看见有所得便考虑是否该得。——杨伯峻(1909-1992)


原文:德之不修,学之不讲,闻义不能徙,不善不能改,是吾忧也。   ——《论语•述而》
英译:The leaving virtue without proper cultivation; the not thoroughly discussing what is learned; not being able to move towards righteousness of which a knowledge is gained; and not being able to change what is not good:--these are the things which occasion me solicitude. ——(英)理雅各(James Legge,1815-1897)
今译:品德不培养;学问不讲习;听到义在那里,却不能亲身赴之;有缺点不能改正,这些都是我的忧虑哩!——杨伯峻(1909-1992)


原文:见义不为,无勇也。
——《论语•为政》
英译:To see what is right and not to do it is want of courage. ——(英)理雅各(James Legge,1815-1897)
今译:眼见应该挺身而出的事情,却袖手旁观,这是怯懦。——杨伯峻(1909-1992)


原文:三军可夺帅也,匹夫不可夺志。
——《论语•子罕》
英译:The commander of the forces of a large state may be carried off, but the will of even a common man cannot be taken from him.     ——(英)理雅各(James Legge,1815-1897)
今译:一国军队,可以使它丧失主帅;一个男子汉,却不能强迫他放弃主张。
——杨伯峻(1909-1992)

 

原文:可以托六尺之孤,可以寄百里之命,临大节而不可夺也—君子人与?君子人也。    ——《论语•泰伯》
英译:Suppose that there is an individual who can be entrusted  with the charge of a young orphan prince, and can be commissioned with authority over a state of a hundred li, and whom no emergency however great can drive from his principles;--is such a man a superior man? He is a superior man indeed.     ——(英)理雅各(James Legge,1815-1897)
今译:可以把幼小的孤儿和国家的命脉都交付给他,面临安危存亡的紧要关头,却不动摇屈服——这种人,是君子人吗?是君子人哩。    ——杨伯峻(1909-1992)


三、“礼”系列


原文:有朋自远方来,不亦乐乎?
英译: Is  it  not  delightful  to  have  friends  coming  from  distant  quarters?

今译:有志同道合的朋友从远方来,不是也很喜悦、高兴吗?

 子曰:“学而时习之,不亦说乎?有朋自远方来,不亦乐乎?人不知而不愠,不亦君子乎?”
——《论语•学而》
The Master said, “Is it not pleasant to learn with a constant perseverance and application? Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters?Is he not a man of complete virtue,who feels no discomposure though men may take no note of him?”
——(英)理雅各(James Legge,1815-1897)

 

 

原文:礼之用,和为贵。
英译:In  practicing  the  rules  of  propriety,  a natural  ease  is  to  be  prized.

今译:礼的应用,要以能够斟酌损益,从容中和为最可贵。

 有子曰:“礼之用,和为贵。先王之道,斯为美;小大由之。有所不行,知和而和,不以礼节之,亦不可行也。”
——《论语•学而》
The philosopher You said,“In practicing the rules of propriety,a natural ease is to be prized.In the ways prescribed by the ancient kings,this is the excellent quality,and in things small and great we follow them.””Yet it is not to be observed in all cases.If one,knowing how such ease should be prized,manifests it,without regulating it by the rules of propriety,this likewise is not to be done.”
——(英)理雅各(James Legge,1815-1897)


原文:与人恭而有礼,四海之内皆兄弟。
英译:Let  one  be  respectful  to  others  and observant  of  propriety----then  all  within  the  four  seas  will  be  his  brothers.

今译:对人恭敬而有礼。世界各国的人民都像兄弟一样。

司马牛忧曰:“人皆有兄弟,我独亡。”子夏曰:“商闻之矣:死生有命,富贵在天。君子敬而无失,与人恭而有礼。四海之内,皆兄弟也。君子何患乎无兄弟也?”
——《论语•颜渊》
Sima Niu, full of anxiety, said,“Other men all have their brothers, I only have not.” Zixia said to him,“There is the following saying which I have heard——‘Death and life have their determined appointment;riches and honors depend upon Heaven.’Let the superior men never fail reverentially to order his own conduct, and let him be respectful to others and observant of propriety:——then all within the four seas will be his brothers. what has the superior man to do with being distressed because he has no brothers?”
——(英)理雅各(James Legge,1815-1897)
 

原文:不知礼,无以立。
英译:Without  an  acquaintance  with  the  rules  of  propriety,  it  is  impossible  for  the  character  to be  established.

今译:不懂礼义,不能立足于社会。

孔子曰:“不知命,无以为君子也;不知礼,无以立也;不知言,无以知人也。”
——《论语•尧曰》
The Master said,“Without recognizing the ordinances of Heaven, it is impossible to be a superior man. Without an acquaintance with the rules of propriety, it is impossible for the character to be established. Without knowing the force of words, it is impossible to know men.”
——(英)理雅各(James Legge,1815-1897)

 

原文:德不孤,必有邻。——《论语•里仁》
英译:Virtue  is  not  left  to  stand  alone. He  who  practices  it  will  have  neighbors.

今译:有道德的人不会孤单,一定有志同道合的人来和他相伴。

子曰:“德不孤,必有邻。”——《论语•里仁》
The Master said, Virtue is not left to stand alone. He who practices it will have neighbors.
——(英)理雅各(James Legge,1815-1897)

 


子曰:“君子和而不同。”——《论语•子路》
The Master said, "The superior man is affable, but not adulatory; the mean man is adulatory, but not affable."
——(英)理雅各(James Legge,1815-1897)

今译:君子们团结但有不同思想。

 


四、“智”系列


原文:学而时习之,不亦说乎?——《论语•学而》
英译:Is it not pleasant to learn with a constant perseverance and application?    
——(英)理雅各(James Legge,1815-1897)
今译:学了,然后按一定的时间去实习它,不也高兴吗?——杨伯峻(1909-1992)


原文:三人行,必有我师焉。择其善者而从之,其不善者而改之。    ——《论语•述而》
英译:When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers. I will select their good qualities and follow them, their bad qualities and avoid them.
——(英)理雅各(James Legge,1815-1897)
今译:几个人一块走路,其中便一定有可以为我所取法的人:我选取那些优点而学习,看出那些缺点而改正。    ——杨伯峻(1909-1992)


原文:见贤思齐焉,见不贤而内自省也。——《论语•里仁》
英译:When we see men of worth, we should think of equaling them; when we see men of a contrary character, we should turn inwards and examine ourselves.
——(英)理雅各(James Legge,1815-1897)
今译:看见贤人,便应该想向他看齐;看见不贤的人,便应该自己反省,[有没有同他类似的毛病。]     ——杨伯峻(1909-1992)

 

原文:君子以文会友,以友辅仁。——《论语•颜渊》
英译:The superior man on grounds of culture meets with his friends, and by friendship helps his virtue.     ——(英)理雅各(James Legge,1815-1897)
今译:君子用文章学问来聚会朋友,用朋友来帮助我培养仁德。
  ——杨伯峻(1909-1992)
 

原文:知者不惑,仁者不忧,勇者不惧。——《论语•子罕》
英译:The wise are free from perplexities; the virtuous from anxiety; and the bold from fear.     ——(英)理雅各(James Legge,1815-1897)
今译:聪明人不致疑惑,仁德的人经常乐观,勇敢的人无所畏惧。
——杨伯峻(1909-1992)
 

原文:不患无位,患所以立;不患莫己知,求为可知也。
——《论语•里仁》
英译:A man should say, I am not concerned that I have no place,  I am concerned how I may fit myself for one. I am not concerned that I am not known, I seek to be worthy to be known.
 ——(英)理雅各(James Legge,1815-1897)

今译:不发愁没有职位,只发愁没有任职的本领;不怕没有人知道自己,去追求足以使别人知道自己的本领好了。
——杨伯峻(1909-1992)


五、“信”系列


信近于义,言可复也。——《论语•学而》

英译:When agreements are made according to what is right, what is spoken can be made good.   ——(英)理雅各(James Legge,1815-1897)
今译:所守的约言符合义,说的话就能兑现。  ——杨伯峻(1909-1992)


吾日三省吾身:为人谋而不忠乎?与朋友交而不信乎?传不习乎?——《论语•学而》

英译:I daily examine myself on three points: whether, in transacting business for others, I may have been not faithful; whether, in intercourse  with friends, I may have been not sincere; whether I may have not mastered and practiced the instructions of my teacher.   ——(英)理雅各(James Legge,1815-1897)
今译:我每天多次自己反省:替别人办事是否尽心竭力了呢?同朋友往来是否诚实呢?老师传授我的学业是否复习了呢?  ——杨伯峻(1909-1992)
 

与朋友交,言而有信。  ——《论语•学而》
英译:In intercourse with his friends, a man is sincere.   ——(英)理雅各(James Legge,1815-1897)
今译:同朋友交往,说话诚实守信。  ——杨伯峻(1909-1992)
 

人而无信,不知其可也。  ——《论语•为政》
英译:I do not know how a man without truthfulness is to get on.   ——(英)理雅各(James Legge,1815-1897)
今译:做为一个人,却不讲信誉,不知那怎么可以。  ——杨伯峻(1909-1992)


君子义以为质,礼以行之,孙以出之,信以成之。  ——《论语•卫灵公》
英译:The superior man in everything considers righteousness to be essential. He performs it according to the rules of propriety. He brings it forth in humility. He completes it with sincerity.   ——(英)理雅各(James Legge,1815-1897)
今译:君子[对于事业],以合宜为原则,依礼节实行它,用谦逊的语言说出它,用诚实的态度完成它。  ——杨伯峻(1909-1992)


岁寒,然后知松柏之后凋也。——《论语•子罕》
英译: When the year becomes cold, then we know how the pine and the cypress are the last to lose their leaves. ——(英)理雅各(James Legge,1815-1897)
今译:天冷了,才晓得松柏是最后落叶的。——杨伯峻(1909-1992)


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